Pump Head Pressure Basics, learn why pumps read head pressure and call it head pressure..
Pump Head Pressure Basics, learn why pumps read head pressure and call it head pressure.
Scroll down to see the YouTube tutorial.
The head is shown on the vertical axis and this refers to pressure, which is why we often hear the term "head pressure". We measure the head in feet or meters, which does not seem correct considering that we are talking about pressure. Especially since you see the pressure gauges on the pump that usually read PSI or bar.
The reason for the feet or meters is that pump manufacturers only know how high their pump can push a liquid. They won't know what fluid your system will be pumping, and since each fluid has different properties, the pressure will vary depending on the fluid used. However, the height can be moved but the bomb will remain the same. For example, we have this pump that can deliver 125 feet of head. If we use it to pump water, the pressure will be around 54.25 PSI, but if we use it to pump milk, the pressure will be around 56.15 PSI and that is due to the properties of the two fluids..
Why do we need to know head pressure?
Pumps are usually used to move the liquid to a higher region, so we need to make sure that the pump can reach that altitude when we pump the liquid through the pipes and fittings. Friction will try to oppose the flow. This is due to the pipe walls, but also to disturbances in the flow line. This causes pressure losses that waste pump energy. The amount of friction depends on the type of fluid, as well as the materials and accessories used. Therefore we need to calculate the amount of friction or pressure loss our system will generate and ensure that the pump we select can overcome this. Otherwise we won't be squeezing any liquid out of the top end. When we look at the pump charts, we find pumps that vary in head and flow. For example, when looking for a small home heating system, there are few fittings and short pipes, so we will use a pump with a relatively low head pressure. But if we were to look at a commercial heating system with multiple air handlers, fan coil units, and long pipe connections, we know that the pressure drop will be much higher, so we would need a pump capable of generating significantly higher pressure. Each type of pump has a different graph and the data plotted on these also varies by model. The first thing we notice is that on the main vertical y axis we have head pressure and on the vertical x axis we have flow. Basically the head is the pressure and the flow is the amount of water the pump can move, so what do these graphs represent? If we turn the pumps on their side and connect them to a pipe, the pump pushes the liquid horizontally, so there is no pressure. But the water flows at its maximum speed. As the pump is slowly turned to the vertical position, the flow rate decreases but the pressure increases. This is because it is now pushing against the water and friction. When we reach the vertical position, no water comes out of the pump but maximum pressure. And that's because it uses all of its energy to push against the water and keep it as high as possible in the pipe. At this point you're just spinning the same amount of water which isn't good for the pump, so you don't want to run a pump like this in the real world. By recording the values during lift, we basically get our pump curve, although I find that pump manufacturers don't test pumps this way because it's simply not practical. Flow rate is a measure of the amount of liquid that flows from the pump in a given period of time. This measurement is available in many different units of gallons per minute, liters per second, or cubic meters per hour. For example, a system can be designed to move two liters of water per second from a storage tank to a treatment tank.
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