Fan coils. In this article, we are going to look at FCUs. FCU stands for fan coil unit, but engineers often just call them fan coil unit to save time. Fan coils are very common in all types of buildings, offices, bars, dining rooms, even some houses and apartments will have a fan coil. Fan coil units are used to condition local air to the temperature requirements of the immediate space.
Scroll down to watch the YouTube Fan Coil Tutorial
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| Fan-Coil-Unit-Installation JCOOL |
As shown in the image above. Two main ducts (supply and return) will surround the building to supply the different rooms. At the outlet of the supply duct, a circular duct feeds the fan coils. Fan coil units are connected to a heating coil, a cooling coil, or a heating and cooling coil. These will condition the air. A motorized fan inside the fan coil will force air into smaller localized ducts to strategically distribute air throughout the room.
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| AHU-Fan-coil JCOOL |
In this model you can see the main AHU that supplies fresh air to the building through the main supply duct. These are exhausted throughout the building taking the shortest route for greater efficiency. Branches will come out of it and supply fresh air to every room. Each room will need a certain volume of fresh air supply per hour. This cold air is directed to the rear inlet of the fan coil, but this branch is not usually connected directly to the unit, there is a space between the two. There is a reason for this, which we will see later.
A motorized fan will draw cold air into the fan coil. The fan will force air through the heating and/or cooling coils before forcing it through the located diffusers.
Once the air enters the room, it will provide heating/cooling for the occupants or equipment inside. It will then take one of two routes. It will be sucked into the return grille or into the CTA through the return duct. Otherwise, it will be returned to the fan coil through a grid in the false ceiling.
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| Supply-and-return-false-ceiling-JCOOL |
The fan coil is located on the roof. I showed an example above of a typical office drop ceiling. There are two types of ceiling vents, diffusers that distribute air into the room and return grilles that draw air in.
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| Route-of-fan-coil-unit-air JCOOL |
Air will return through the return duct. It will be shot into the void of the ceiling. Some of the freshly treated air can be wasted if it is returned directly to the vacuum cleaner even if it is not useful for the room. This can be mitigated with good design. Once in vacuum, the return air will mix with fresh air and be drawn into the fan coil. Otherwise, the main return duct will suck in this air and return it to the AHU.
Fan coil units are quite simple in design. You can see where it got its name from, because it's basically a fan and coil heat exchanger.
Air enters from the rear through a filter to clean the air of dust, etc. Filters can be simply removed for cleaning or replaced.
Once this air passes through the filters, it enters the fans. Typically, a fan coil unit will have between 1 and 3 fans inside it, depending on the size. Two fans are fairly common desktop FCUs. These fans are powered by a small electric motor.
The fans are usually quite small, only ~80 watts.
Fans then force air through heating and/or cooling coils. They are simply coil heat exchangers that simply heat or cool the air, depending on the requirements of the local environment. Some units will only heat, some will only cool, and some will have both heating and cooling capabilities.
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| Boiler-and-chiller JCOOL |
Coil heat exchangers typically use a hot and/or cold water supply that is distributed from the building's boilers and chillers. However, electric heaters can be used for heating and some batteries use a direct expansion battery powered by a refrigeration system for cooling.
If a cooling coil is used, it can create a lot of condensation where warm, moist air condenses on the cool surface of the coil. The cooling coil will remove moisture from the air. This condensed liquid will drain from the coil and collect in the drip pan at the bottom. It will also be necessary to connect a drainage line to drain this water.
Once the air has passed through the coils, it enters the supply chamber and is distributed into the small diameter ducts for localized distribution. These ducts are generally round.
Do you need help maintaining and repairing an air conditioner?
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