Steam heating system basics. Learn the basics of how steam heating systems work and where steam heating systems are used.
Basic concepts of the steam heating system. Learn the basics of how steam heating systems work and where steam heating systems are used.
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Steam heating systems can be found in residential, commercial, and even industrial sites. They are very common on large campuses, especially larger and older buildings. These systems do not require pumps. Instead, they use the steam itself to distribute heat throughout the building. Although we can find a condensate pump in the return line.
If we add thermal energy or heat to water at standard atmospheric pressure, its temperature rises to 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit. At this point, it begins to boil and evaporate into steam. The thermal energy is carried by the steam. If we capture and contain the steam by placing an ill-fitting lid on the container, we would see the lid lift off. If we were to firmly fix the lid to the container, we would see the internal pressure increase.
This is because the water molecules expand and take up more space. In cold water, the molecules are tightly bound. But as heat energy is added, the water molecules become excited and vibrate rapidly, increasing their volume. It increases so much that a unit of water can expand into steam about 1600 times its original volume.
If the volume of the container is fixed and more heat energy is added, the water molecules will become excited and move faster. They will collide with the sides of the ship more often and with greater force. This increases the pressure inside the container. The pressure pushes the steam out. Naturally, try to get to a place where the pressure is lower.
We can use this buoyant force to distribute heat energy through the pipes to the radiators and then to the boiler. In a typical two-pipe steam heating system, the boiler adds heat energy and heats the water, turning it into steam. The pressure pushes the steam along the pipe and into the radiator. The radiator heats the surrounding air in the room so that heat energy is transferred from the steam through the wall of the radiator to the air in the room. As the air warms, it rises and cools the air and rushes to take its place.
This will repeat continuously. The vapor gives up its thermal energy, in doing so it condenses into a liquid. The high pressure in the system will push this water back into the boiler where it will be reheated and repeat the cycle. We only want the condensed liquid to return to the boiler. We don't want steam getting into the return line.
This would be a waste of energy as it would heat up the condensing liquid and also lose heat on the way back. We pay to create the steam, so we don't want to waste it. The mixture of steam and condensate will also cause many problems for the system, such as steam bonding and also steam blow-off. This can be catastrophic for the system, so you should try to avoid it. One way to do this is to use a thermostatic siphon. By the way, we covered this in detail in our previous article HERE.
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