Inverter valves for heat pumps. In this video, we are going to look at the four port reversing valve, which is used in heat pumps. This is an essential component in the heat pump system and is what allows the refrigerant to reverse its flow to provide heating and cooling modes.
Scroll down for YouTube Video Tutorial on Reversing Valves
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| Reversing valve front view |
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| Back view of reversing valve |
Above is a 3D model of a reversing vale which we will use to explain the working principles of the valve.Above is a 3D model of a reversing valve that we will use to explain the principles of valve operation. As you can see, in the center there is a cylinder that is the body of the valve. Starting from this perpendicular to the valve body there are 4 tubes, 3 at the bottom and one at the top. These pipes are the entry/exit points for the refrigerant.
Behind the main body are capillary tubes that connect to opposite ends of the main body, as well as the upper and lower pipes.a solenoid valve and solenoid coil. exit from the capillary tubes. We will discuss the purpose of all these parts.
Diverter valve interior in cutaway view, above. We see inside the center valve body a black "U" shaped object that is mounted inside a metal slider. The slider will move from side to side and will move the U-shaped body that is used to direct the refrigerant around the refrigerant circuit.
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| solenoid valve slider |
To move the main body slider, we use another "U" shaped slider which is located on the solenoid valve. The solenoid valve slider is spring loaded to the normal position, but once the solenoid coil is energized it will create a magnetic field that will push the slider through the valve allowing the refrigerant to change direction in the solenoid. . This will impact the cursor in the main body.
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| Reversing valve, solenoid energised – Cooling Mode |
When the solenoid coil is energized, it creates a magnetic field that pushes the solenoid slider to the left side. Hot refrigerant from the compressor will enter the top tube and flow to the center body of the main valve. Some of this high pressure will flow up the capillary tube, through the solenoid, and to the far right side of the main valve body. This will force the main slider to the left side. Therefore, hot coolant entering the upper tube will flow into the main valve body and exit the lower left tube. From there it will go to the outdoor unit where it will reject the heat from the system and shut down to provide cooling.
When the solenoid coil is energized, it creates a magnetic field that pushes the solenoid slider to the left side. Hot refrigerant from the compressor will enter the top tube and flow to the center body of the main valve. Some of this high pressure will flow up the capillary tube, through the solenoid, and to the far right side of the main valve body. This will force the main slider to the left side. Therefore, hot coolant entering the upper tube will flow into the main valve body and exit the lower left tube. From there it will go to the outdoor unit where it will reject the heat from the system and shut down to provide cooling.
When the reversing valve was operating in heating mode. The solenoid coil is de-energized so the internal spring has forced the solenoid slider to the right. High pressure refrigerant will enter through the top tube and flow into the main valve body. Some of the refrigerant will flow to the solenoid through the capillary tube. This will then flow to the leftmost side of the main valve slider, forcing the main slider to move to the rightmost side. Then the hot refrigerant enters the upper pipe and flows through the lower left pipe to the indoor unit to provide heating.
When the reversing valve works in heating mode. The refrigerant will leave the compressor and flow to the reversing valve. It will enter through the upper tube and exit through the lower right. From there it goes to the indoor unit where it will heat the room. Then it will flow along and through the check valve, the next check valve will not let it through, so the refrigerant will flow through the expansion valve. From there it will flow to the outdoor unit and capture more heat. It will then flow back through the reversing valve, but the main slider will redirect it back to the compressor.
For
more on how heat pumps work, click here
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