How do chillers control their cooling capacity
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| Chiller cooling capacity vane guides |
How do chillers control their cooling capacity? One of the most common means, for centrifugal type coolers, is to use vane guides. Vane guides sit directly in the coolant flow path and can be controlled to change their position.
The chiller produces chilled water by extracting heat energy from the "chilled water loop" within the evaporator, which has been recovered from the building. The amount of cooling generated must vary to accommodate the load; otherwise, too much heat may be dissipated and this will cause the cooler to freeze. This is very bad for coolers, if they are not designed for it, and will lead to material fatigue, where pipes burst inside and coolant can leak out.
The most common method in centrifugal compressors is the use of vane guides. As mentioned, the vane guides are in the path of the coolant flow. They are located between the suction line and the compressor.
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| location of the blade guide on the cooler |
The vane guides are triangular in shape, and several vane guides meet radially in the cross-sectional area. They modulate their position between fully open and fully closed.
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| cooler vane radial guide |
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| Cooler Blade Guide Radial - Fully Open |
The vanes are aerodynamically contoured to minimize the pressure drop across them due to refrigerant flow.
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| royal guide of dawn |
The purpose of these vane guides is to change the direction of coolant flow. When the vanes are fully open, the coolant is simply passed over them, this happens at full capacity to provide maximum cooling. When the vanes modulate their position and are partially or completely closed, the refrigerant hits the vane guide which in turn changes the direction in which it was flowing.
This change in direction means that the refrigerant will hit the compressor wheel at a different angle. The smaller the angle, the less speed the impeller will give to the coolant. The more closed the blade guide is, the greater the angle of entry into the wheel. If the inlet angle is changed, the refrigerant flows more slowly through the compressor and scroll, which reduces kinetic energy and pressure.
You can imagine this like placing your hand flat through the window of a moving car. As you move the angle of your hand, you will feel air flow over the top or bottom of your hand and there will be a resultant force pushing against your hand depending on your angle.
The position of the vane guides can be adjusted, normally based on the temperature of the water leaving the evaporator. Many methods are used to change position, some use oil pressure from the lubrication system, others will do it with a belt driven motor, gear ratio.
For more information, please watch the video below.
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