Scroll down for YouTube video tutorial on chiller compressor types
We'll take a look at real examples of what they look like in engine rooms, so you can see them as you walk around, and we'll also get a quick rundown of how each one works.
centrifugal compressor
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| centrifugal cooler |
The first one we are going to see is the centrifugal type compressor. The centrifugal-type compressor looks a lot like this and is fairly easy to spot because the compressor is on top of the chiller with a large volute-shaped pipe that wraps around the condenser.
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| centrifugal compressor |
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| centrifugal-chiller-compressor-animation jcool |
The coolant flows through the suction line, hits the center of the impeller where it will be directed by the vanes. The blades rotate and this gives an angular velocity to the refrigerant particles. This angular velocity causes the refrigerant particles to fly at high speed, in all directions, and collect in the volute (the outer loop), where they build up pressure from kinetic energy and then pass to the condenser. This type of compressor/chiller is a very common configuration for central installation in large buildings.
turbocharger compressor
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| turbocharger compressor |
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| turbocor-chiller-compressor-animation jcool |
A
screw compressors
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| Screw Compressor Chiller |
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| screw-chiller-compressor-animation jcool |
Screw compressors are used for air and water chillers. With the water-cooled type, the compressor is above the chiller and with the air-cooled type, the compressors are below the chiller. Indoor water-cooled chillers will often be insulated, while air-cooled chillers may not. This type removes the refrigerant from the evaporator and passes through the compressor. Inside the compressor are two interconnecting screws.
The refrigerant will enter a vacuum between the two screws, but as the screws turn they push the refrigerant hose further into the compressor and squeeze it into a small gap. The refrigerant will come out at high pressure and high temperature and will flow to the expansion valve.
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| Air Cooled Screw Compressor |
Above is a photo of an air cooler with two screw compressors. It is common to find 1 or 2 small screw compressors in air-cooled chillers. These will run in parallel and some designs allow for staging by turning off one of the compressors.
scroll compressors
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| Scroll Compressor Chiller |
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| Scroll Compressor Chiller |
The scroll compressor is primarily used in air-cooled chillers, but you can find them in water-cooled chillers as well. Usually, one compressor is not enough to meet the cooling load, so several will be grouped together. In the example above, the blue cylinders below the cooler are the compressors that are joined together to form a bank.
In these types of compressors, the refrigerant generally enters from the bottom and is drawn into the compressor discs. One disk will be stationary while the other rotates to compress the refrigerant into a smaller space. Coolant is forced around the volute as the disc moves, compressing it, then out the top and into the expander.
Compresores alternativos
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| Reciprocating Compressor Chiller |
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| Reciprocating Compressor Chiller |
The last one we are going to look at is the alternative type compressor. These types are becoming less common as newer, more efficient technology has replaced them, so they are being phased out in commercial refrigeration at least. It is still very popular in industrial refrigeration. They are very strong and reliable compressors that seem to run forever with proper maintenance. There are many moving parts, so it can be expensive to run.
In reciprocating types, the coolant often passes over the electric motor to test the cooling of the electric coils, and then goes to the compression chamber. The compression chamber is simply a series of pistons and chambers through which the refrigerant will flow. The piston is on a crank that moves it up and down. As it moves, it compresses the refrigerant in the chamber, and over time, the refrigerant comes out at high pressure.
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